New camera

Used Fuji X100. Any DSLR or mirrorless will be much thicker than what you're loking for.

X100 is a fixed 23mm f/2. The EOS M has no real physical controls, it's based on a touchscreen layout, which is very irritating for anyone who wants to do any kind of real photography rather than relying on AUTO mode.

I am a Canon SLR user for 13 years, D-SLR user since 2004.
I strongly believe in "systems", not models. Nikon and Canon have easily the most comprehensive SLR systems. I would say Pentax follows.
So what you are after is a SYSTEM that can do what you want, mainly macro/table top photography.

However, what you are asking for is not that hard to be achieved by virtually any "good" point and shoot, and of course SLRs and mirror-less cameras with interchangeable lenses, just with better image quality and versatility due to the much larger image sensors bigger cameras pack. MP are nothing if you don't have physical size - unless you believe that any smartphone with 8-12MP has a good camera in comparisson.

For the mirror-less category, I want to vote for Olympus m4/3 cameras. Small enough, decent optics, decent - good control layout, good image quality, VERY affordable in comparison with mirror-less systems by Sony / Nikon / Canon. Good 3rd party support with countless adapters etc that allow you to mount manual focus lenses from Nikon F/Canon FD /m42 etc lines. You can get great examples of these old lenses for bright 50mm to very good macro lenses in amazing prices (ebay).

Used EPL-1 cameras are great value, new EPL-2 with basic zoom lens kits are available in 1/2 the price of EOS M etc. That leaves room for the OTHER lenses and stuff you will need - spending up to $1000 for a body + lens leaves no room for expansion.
Fred Miranda (fm forums) are a good source for used equipment / lenses and adapters + valuable information.

A fixed lens generally improves iq, but you cannot zoom so you need to move to the shot you want.

Not everybody needs 12 lenses and thousands of dollars in equipment. You basically ignored all of the OP's requirements and just suggested what you use/have used.

Nah, you just have to move about a bit.