AFAIK, the only gases you can buy without a class 608 license are: R134, R12 (I believe), and R290, which is propane. The R12 and R134, which are used in vehicle refrigeration systems do not have the capacity to hold low temps in a computer application. A decent single stage phase changer can be made with R290. When using R290, the best temps that I have seen are idle evap temps of about -40C and load evap temps around -30 or so. This would be the cheapest/easiest route, as you can buy cans of propane at Walmart (the little Coleman cans used for gas camping stoves).
However, it is pretty easy to obtain a 608 Universal license with a little studying. Click
HERE for more information.
And
here is a place to buy gases online, if you are certified or course

.
And it appears that R507 can be purchased without a license as well,
as per this page. I know that many people use R507, but my understanding is that you have to use the proper compressor and/or a mix of R507 and another gas.