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[Wired]Humans No Match for Go Bot Overlords

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Humans No Match for Go Bot Overlords

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For the last two decades, human cognitive superiority had a distinctive sound: the soft click of stones placed on a wooden Go board. But once again, artificial intelligence is asserting its domination over gray matter.


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In February, at the Taiwan Open â€" Go's popularity in East Asia roughly compares to America's enthusiasm for golf â€" a program called MoGo beat two professionals. At an exhibition in Chicago, the Many Faces program beat another pro. The programs still had a head start, but the trend is clear.


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Arrayed by opposing players trying to capture space on its lined 19x19 grid, the black and white Go stones can end a game in 10^171 possible ways â€" about 10^81 times more configurations than there are elementary particles in the known universe.

Faced with such extraordinary complexity, our brains somehow find a path, navigating the possibilities using mechanisms only dimly understood by science. Both of the programs that have recently defeated humans used variations on mathematical techniques originally developed by Manhattan Project physicists to coax order from pure randomness.


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In a more recent brain-scanning study, Japanese researchers compared professional and amateur Go players as they contemplated opening- and end-stage moves. Both displayed parietal lobe activity. During the end stages, however, professionals had extremely high activity in their precuneus and cerebellum regions, where the brain integrates a sense of space with our bodies and motions.

Put another way, professionals fuse their consciousness into the decision tree of the game.

Go players have an ability "to think creatively and prune the search tree in an aesthetic sense," said Atherton. "They have a feel for the game."


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Enter the Monte Carlo method, named by its Manhattan Project pioneers for the casinos where they gambled. It consists of random simulations repeated again and again until patterns and probabilities emerge: the characteristics of an atomic bomb explosion, phase states in quantum fields, the outcome of a Go game. Programs like MoGO and Many Faces simulate random games from start to finish, over and over and over again, with no concern for figuring out which of any given move is best.


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"The surprising, mysterious thing to me is that these algorithms work at all," said Hearn. "It's very puzzling."


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"There's a strong tendency in humans to have a conceit about how far we've advanced," said Doshay. "But we've only really started programming computers."

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I find this very disappointing...
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... Wow... I think a part of me just died a little.
2
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Originally Posted by Solertia View Post
I find this very disappointing...

You thought this was going to be about the 'Wal-mart Transformers' too, huh?

Very disappointed...
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Cool.

When they can concoct a robot that can drive any automobile just as a human does, I'll be impressed...and downright scared too, considering the dumbass moves I've seen real humans do. There's no telling what kind of idiotic stunts a robot might pull, seeing as robots don't have fear...
But this doesn't do it like a human, it does it better. I don't see why they're surprised it works - no AI is needed to play something like Go, just pure logic.
Coma is right.
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Originally Posted by Coma
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But this doesn't do it like a human, it does it better. I don't see why they're surprised it works - no AI is needed to play something like Go, just pure logic.

They're not doing a "brute force" type approach. Go is too complicated for a "if-then" sequence to achieve any moves of value.

Rather, as described in the article, they are letting the computer run millions of random games - just filling in the board with no purpose or plan - and then using statistics and probability to 'teach' the computer how to play. It's a pattern-finding method, more heuristic and subtle than simply building a search tree.

They are not surprised that the computer can do the calculation, but that the computer can learn anything from playing randomly. And not just learn, but learn effectively.

Something similar was discovered a few years back, albeit somewhat inverted. Researchers gave a simple rule-set to a computer to produce patterns, and they found a rule-set that yielded what appeared to be completely random outputs. It's fascinating stuff, not well understood.
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I am a occasional Go player and I remember some time ago all these programs sucked. However I've verified this information and apparently they are still no match for human players in an even game.

The ranks in Go go like this (starting from the lowest):
amateur 30 kyu - 1 kyu
amateur 1 dan - 7 dan
professional 1 dan - 9 dan

These ranks are used to set proper handicap to equal the players chances. So for example 4 kyu player will get to make 5 moves before 2 dan player will begin to lay stones. These programs are said to be about 1 dan atm, so they can compete with professional players with 8 stones handicap. Still quite an achievement. Few years ago I remember them being about 15 kyu. On the other hand it's amazing how complicated the Go is, that with all the current computational power they can't do any better.
hmmm i don't like machines that are able to do things better i'm scared.
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Originally Posted by TestECull View Post
Cool.

When they can concoct a robot that can drive any automobile just as a human does, I'll be impressed...and downright scared too, considering the dumbass moves I've seen real humans do. There's no telling what kind of idiotic stunts a robot might pull, seeing as robots don't have fear...
Cars already drive themselves...
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ahhhhhhh humans built these machines ,,,,,,,,,, i think?
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Originally Posted by Licht
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Cars already drive themselves...

Yes, but can they run red lights and get into an accident because they were drunk and wanted to change the cd? I don't think so.
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Originally Posted by Licht View Post
Cars already drive themselves...

No, they don't...not on public highways. Right now, robot cars are still too stupid to not hit anything unless they implant a track in the roadway for them to follow, and then they're no more complex than a 10 dollar line tracking mouse kit for electronics 1 students in high school.

The only self driving cars that don't hit things and don't follow a track are merely 1:1 scale RC's piloted by humans standing on rooftops nearby...
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Quote:



Originally Posted by TestECull
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No, they don't...not on public highways. Right now, robot cars are still too stupid to not hit anything unless they implant a track in the roadway for them to follow, and then they're no more complex than a 10 dollar line tracking mouse kit for electronics 1 students in high school.

The only self driving cars that don't hit things and don't follow a track are merely 1:1 scale RC's piloted by humans standing on rooftops nearby...

No they use cameras to follow the lane markings that already exist. Why would they need something in the middle of the road when we humans have something there already for ourselves?



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Yeah...did you totally miss the show on Discovery where a bunch of boffins with deeeeeeeeep pockets tried to do that exact thing? NONE of their cars made it through the trials without hitting something or getting stuck.

When MIT-grade(And, literally MIT) boffins with very deep pockets can't do something, it's just not possible with the tech we have. Plain as that. These folk are the brightest tech minds in the US, bar none, possibly even in the world. If they can't do it, noone can.
You would need computers that exhibit very, very, very sophisticated A.I in order to beat a master of Go. That's how hard the game is. All the pros at Go are literally considered geniuses.
3
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Originally Posted by Solertia View Post
I find this very disappointing...


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Originally Posted by Ruei View Post
... Wow... I think a part of me just died a little.
If it makes you guys feel any better, computers process data way faster than we can, and the only way this can be made to work is because computers are so good at brute forcing their way through problems.

Crunching through millions of games of Go just to finish 1 game? If you lose I guess you can just say the computer's been playing way more than you, heh.
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Originally Posted by Arkanor
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If it makes you guys feel any better, computers process data way faster than we can, and the only way this can be made to work is because computers are so good at brute forcing their way through problems.

Crunching through millions of games of Go just to finish 1 game? If you lose I guess you can just say the computer's been playing way more than you, heh.

This is somewhat inaccurate. Human brains (and down the food chain to at least insect nervous systems) process massive amounts of information fairly quickly. Visual perception for example; the mind can take in constant, continually varying and very complicated environmental input and make almost instant sense of it. Or, if you prefer in tech-geek-speak, render a massive resolution (better than any monitor) 3D image in real-time, and even perform complicated image enhancement algorithms on the fly.

Add sound, touch, smell, taste, temperature regulation, breathing, heart beating, and being able to engage in conscious thought on top of it all, is very impressive computational architecture.

It's important to keep in mind, computers do one thing exceptionally well - exactly what we tell them to do (to the chagrin of many an unclear programmer). That they may do that fast isn't all too impressive on its own. The equation itself is just consistent gibberish, the thought behind it is what is inspiring.
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Originally Posted by dharmaBum
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This is somewhat inaccurate. Human brains (and down the food chain to at least insect nervous systems) process massive amounts of information fairly quickly. Visual perception for example; the mind can take in constant, continually varying and very complicated environmental input and make almost instant sense of it. Or, if you prefer in tech-geek-speak, render a massive resolution (better than any monitor) 3D image in real-time, and even perform complicated image enhancement algorithms on the fly.

While that is true, the human brain is limited in that respect. It's very good at what it does, but computers can crunch any data set we tell them to. And they're only going to get faster at doing it. That's the reason brute force approaches are workable on computers where they would be completely ineffective using human brains.

The power of the human brain in solving problems comes in fuzzy logic, pattern recognition, and intuitive approaches (elegant methods to solving problems that avoid resorting to brute force.) If for example you create a display containing all red squares and 1 blue square, a person could immediately tell you where the blue square was. If you asked them how they did it they would probably just look at you funny and say they just saw it.

To do the same thing on a computer, you would need it to test every square every time, and isolate the one that was different. However, since it can do all of this so fast, this 'just-crunch-it-all' approach on a computer would probably return your result faster than a person.
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