Airflow, or
air flow is the movement of air from one area to another. The primary cause of airflow is the existence of
pressure gradients. Air behaves in a
fluid manner, meaning particles naturally flow from areas of higher pressure to those where the pressure is lower.
Atmospheric air pressure is directly related to altitude, temperature, and composition.
[1][2]
In
engineering, airflow is a measurement of the amount of
air per unit of time that flows through a particular device.
The flow of air can be induced through mechanical means (such as by operating an electric or manual fan) or can take place passively, as a function of pressure differentials present in the environment.
Types of airflow
Like any fluid, air may exhibit both
laminar and
turbulent flow patterns. Laminar flow occurs when air can flow smoothly, and exhibits a
parabolic velocity profile; turbulent flow occurs when there is an irregularity (such as a disruption in the surface across which the fluid is flowing), which alters the direction of movement. Turbulent flow exhibits a flat velocity profile.
[2]
The
Reynolds number, a ratio indicating the relationship between
viscous and inertial forces in a fluid, can be used to predict the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. This number and related concepts can be applied to studying flow in systems of all scales.
The speed at which a fluid flows past an object varies with distance from the object's surface. The region surrounding an object where the air speed approaches zero is known as the
boundary layer.
[3] It is here that surface friction most affects flow; irregularities in surfaces may affect boundary layer thickness, and hence act to disrupt flow.
[2]
Units
Typical units to express airflow are:
[4]
By volume